Research
30+ years of research; 25+ countries
Over 450 peer-reviewed articles from independent research labs
Special issues in journals have been dedicated to disseminating national and international contributions (including in Attachment and Human Development, 2000, Infant Mental Health Journal, 2005, and Parenting: Science and Practice, 2009). A comprehensive review is Biringen et al. (2014) in Development Review. Three additional review articles have been published, one Clark et al (2021) in Brain Sciences, and two by Biringen et al. (2022, 2023), both in Human Development. Please go through the below articles knowing that when you click on the doi link, you can directly see the abstract. Many of the articles also have other clickable links that take you directly to the full article. Still others are open-access journals and if you type in the full title on the web, you should be able to see the article in totality. The attachments below show easily printable versions, one being by research area and the other the alphabetical list. The alphabetical reference list has only one mention of a specific work, whereas 'by areas' list often puts the same reference in multiple locations, e.g., 'preterms' as well as 'attachment', if that is relevant.
EA publications: Studies of basic science, prevention/intervention, and clinical applications
Bilgin, A. & Wolke, D. (2017) Associations between feeding problems and maternal sensitivity across infancy: Differences in very preterm and full-term infants. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 38, 538-544. ISSN 0196-206X. Kent Academic Repository Downloaded from https://kar.kent.ac.uk/82294/ The University of Kent's Academic Repository KAR The version of record is available from https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000466 PMID: 28692577
Bilgin, A. & Wolke, D. (2017) Associations between feeding problems and maternal sensitivity across infancy: Differences in very preterm and full-term infants. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 38, 538-544. ISSN 0196-206X. Kent Academic Repository Downloaded from https://kar.kent.ac.uk/82294/ The University of Kent's Academic Repository KAR The version of record is available from https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000466 PMID: 28692577
Biringen Z. (2000) Emotional availability: Conceptualization and research findings. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 104-14. PMID: 10702855 DOI: 10.1037/h0087711
Biringen, Z. (1990). Direct observation of maternal sensitivity and dyadic interactions in the home: Relations to maternal thinking. Developmental Psychology, 26, 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.2.278
Biringen, Z. (2004). Raising a Secure Child: Creating Emotional Connection Between you and Your Child. New York: A Perigee Book.
Biringen, Z. (2005). Training and reliability issues with the Emotional Availability Scales. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26, 404–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20060
Biringen, Z. (2005). Training and reliability issues with the Emotional Availability Scales. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26, 404–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20060
Biringen, Z. (2008). EA Couples Version. Boulder, CO: emotionalavailability.com.
Biringen, Z. (2008). The Emotional Availability (EA) Scales and EA Zones
Biringen, Z. (2008). The Emotional Availability (EA) Scales and EA Zones
Biringen, Z. (2008) EA Interventionist/Therapist Version. Boulder, CO: emotionalavailability.com.
Biringen, Z. (2009). The Universal Language of Love: Assessing Relationships Through the Science of Emotional Availability (EA). Boulder, CO: emotionalavailability.com.
Biringen, Z. (2012). Emotional availability (EA): Conceptualization and research on assessment and intervention for caregiver-child relationships. In N. Erol (Ed.) Infant Mental Health (Bebek Ruh Sagligi), Ankara, Turkey: Ankara University Press. (English and Turkish in the same volume).
Biringen, Z. & Allender, T. (2011, July) Using evidence-based assessments to evaluate parent-child relationship quality. Zero to Three Journal, 31, 36-39. No doi located..
Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A. (2000). Response to Bretherton and Emde. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 249-250. DOI: 10.1080/14616730050085608
Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A.E. (2012). The integration of emotional availability into a developmental psychopathology framework: Reflections on the Special Section. Development & Psychopathology, 24, 137-142. PMID: 22396974 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579411000733
Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A.E. (2012). Emotional Availability (EA): Concept, research, and window on developmental and psychopathology. Development & Psychopathology, 24, 1–8. PMID: 22292989 DOI: 10.1017/S0954579411000617
Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A.E. (2012). Emotional Availability (EA): Concept, research, and window on developmental and psychopathology. Development & Psychopathology, 24, 1–8. PMID: 22292989 DOI: 10.1017/S0954579411000617
Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A.N. (2008). Child care and relationships. Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology, Vol. 4 (Edited volume).
Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A.N. (2008). Child care and relationships. In Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A.N. et al. (Eds., invited special mini-series on child care). Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology, 4, 1-3. No doi located.
Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A.N. (2008). Child care and relationships. Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology, Vol. 4 (Edited volume).
Biringen, Z. & Robinson, J. (1991). Emotional availability: A reconceptualization for research. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61, 258-271. PMID: 2048641 DOI: 10.1037/h0079238
Biringen, Z., Altenhofen, S., Aberle, J., Baker, M., Brosal, A., Bennett, S., Coker, E., Lee, C., Meyer, B., Moorlag, A., & Swaim, R. (2012). Emotional availability, attachment, and intervention in center-based child care for infants and toddlers. Development & Psychopathology, 24, 23–34. PMID: 22292991 DOI: 10.1017/S0954579411000630
Biringen, Z., Batten, R., Neelan, P., Altenhofen, S., Swaim, R., Bruce, A., Fetsch, R., Voitel, C., & Zachary, V. (2010). Emotional availability (EA): The assessment of and intervention for global parent-child relational quality. Journal of Experiential Psychotherapy, 49, 3-9. No doi located.
Biringen, Z., Brown, D., Donaldson, L., Krcmarik, S., & Lovas, G. (2000). Adult attachment interview: Linkages with dimensions of emotional availability for mothers and their prekindergarteners. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 188-202. PMID: 11707910 DOI: 10.1080/14616730050085554
Biringen, Z., Closson, L., Derr-Moore, A......Warren, V., Lucas-Thompson, R., Harman, J.J., & Neu, M. (2015). Mindfulness, emotional availability, and emotional attachment: Three pillars of daily practice. Zero to Three Journal, 20-26. No doi available.
Biringen, Z., Damon, J., Pipp-Siegel, S., Grigg, W., & Stratton, J. (2005) et al. Emotional availability: Differential predictions to infant attachment based on observation time and context. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26, 295-308. PMID: 28682448 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.20054
Biringen, Z., Derscheid, D., Vliegen, N., Closson, L., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (2014). Emotional availability (EA): Theoretical background, empirical research using the EA scales and clinical applications. Developmental Review, 34, 114-167. PMCID: PMC4516809 PMID: 26283996 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.01.002
Biringen, Z., Derscheid, D., Vliegen, N., Closson, L., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (2014). Emotional availability (EA): Theoretical background, empirical research using the EA scales and clinical applications. Developmental Review, 34, 114-167. PMCID: PMC4516809 PMID: 26283996 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.01.002
Biringen, Z., Emde, R. N., Campos, J. J., & Appelbaum, M. (2008) Development of autonomy: Role of walking onset and its timing. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 106, 395-414. PMID: 18556897 DOI: 10.2466/pms.106.2.395-414
Biringen, Z., Emde, R. N., Campos, J. J., & Appelbaum, M. I. (1995). Affective reorganization in the infant, the mother, and the dyad: The role of upright locomotion and its timing. Child Development, 66, 499-514. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131593
Biringen, Z., Emde, R.N., Brown, D., Lowe, L., Myers, S., & Nelson, D. (1999). Emotional availability and emotion communication in naturalistic mother-infant interaction: Evidence for gender differentiation, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 14, 463-478. No doi located.
Biringen, Z., Emde, R.N., Brown, D., Lowe, L., Myers, S., & Nelson, D. (1999). Emotional availability and emotion communication in naturalistic mother-infant interaction: Evidence for gender differentiation, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 14, 463-478. No doi located.
Biringen, Z., Emde, R.N., Campos, J.J., & Appelbaum, M. (1995). Affective reorganization in the infant, the mother, and the dyad: The role of upright locomotion and its timing. Child Development, 66, 499-514. PMID: 7750380 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131593
Biringen, Z., Fidler, D. Barrett, K. & Kubicek, L. (2005). Applying the Emotional Availability Scales to children with disabilities. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26, 369-391. PMID: 28682446 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.20058
Biringen, Z., Fidler, D. Barrett, K. & Kubicek, L. (2005). Applying the Emotional Availability Scales to children with disabilities. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26, 369-391. PMID: 28682446 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.20058
Biringen, Z., Fuchs, A., Herpertz, S., & Biringen, E.K. (2019). Objectively measuring compassionate behavior using the Emotional Availability (EA) Scales. OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 3, 11. DOI:10.21926/obm.icm.1903048
Biringen, Z., Harman, J.J., Saunders, H., & Emde, R.N. (2017). Attachment security and emotional availability: How research on families challenges these prominent conceptualizations. In N. Silton (Ed). Family Dynamics and Romantic Relationships in a Changing Society, Hershey, PA: IGI Global. DOI 10.4018/978-1-5225-2404-5.ch013
Biringen, Z., Matheny, A., Bretherton, I., Renouf, A., Sherman, M. (2000). Maternal representation of the self as parent. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 218-232. PMID: 11707912 DOI: 10.1080/14616730050085572
Biringen, Z., Moorlag, A., Meyer, B., Wood, J., Aberle, J., Altenhofen, S., & Bennett, S. (2008). The emotional availability (EA) intervention with child care professionals. Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology, 4, 39-52. No doi located.
Biringen, Z., Robinson, J. L., & Emde, R. N. (1994). Maternal sensitivity in the second year: Gender-based relations in the dyadic balance of control. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 78-90. PMID: 8147430 DOI: 10.1037/h0079487
Biringen, Z., Sandoval, K., & Flykt, M. (2022). Emotional Availability (EA): Clinical populations and clinical applications. Human Development, 66, 192-215. https://doi.org/10.1159/000525256
Biringen, Z., Sandoval, K., & Flykt, M. (2023). Observed emotional availability (EA) in the early months and adolescence and self-reported EA at any age: A narrative review. Human Development, 67, 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000531632
Biringen, Z., Sandoval, K., & Flykt, M. (2023). Observed emotional availability (EA) in the early months and adolescence and self-reported EA at any age: A narrative review. Human Development, 67, 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000531632
Biringen, Z., Sandoval, K., & Flykt, M. (2023). Observed emotional availability (EA) in the early months and adolescence and self-reported EA at any age: A narrative review. Human Development, 67, 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000531632
Biringen, Z., Skillern, S. Mone, J., & Pianta, R. (2005). Emotional availability is predictive of the emotional aspects of children’s “school readiness”. Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology, 1, 81-98. No doi located.
Biringen, Z., Skillern, S. Mone, J., & Pianta, R. (2005). Emotional availability is predictive of the emotional aspects of children’s “school readiness”. Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology, 1, 81-98. No doi located.
Biringen, Z. (2000). Emotional availability: Conceptualization and research findings. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 104-114. PMID: 10702855 DOI: 10.1037/h0087711
Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A.E. (2012) Emotional availability: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Development & Psychopathology. Vol. 24 (Edited volume).
Biringen, Z. & Easterbrooks, A.E. (2012). Emotional availability: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Development & Psychopathology. Vol. 24 (Edited volume).